Cancer

Human Brain - Some interesting facts

The human brain is responsible for overseeing the daily operation of the human body.

The adult human brain weighs an average of 1.4 Kg, or about 2 percent of the total body weight.

Although it is 2 percent but uses 20 percent of the oxygen supply and gets 20 % of the blood flow.

If brain cells do not  get oxygen for 4 to 5 minutes, they begin to die.

The human brain reaches its full size at about 6 years of age.

The adult human brain contains more than a thousand million neurons.

The brain is responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

Neurons :- It is the structural and functional unit of Central Nervous System (Brain and spinal cord)

  

      Meninges :- Brain is wrapped in three layers of connective tissues known as the  Meninges.

            

(i)   The innermost layer, which is bound to the surface of the brain, is called piamater. 

(ii)  The outer layer called duramater

(iii) The arachnoid is the thin elastic, web like layer between the arachnoid and the  duramater

(iv)  The space which is present between the arachnoid and duramater is called subdural   

       space.

(v)  Between the piamater and the arachnoid is a space known as sub arachnoid space filled  

      with Cerebrospinal fluid, which act as a shock absorber.

The human brain divisible into three parts,

     

(i)    Forebrain or prosencephalon

(ii)   Midbrain or mesencephalon

(iii)   Hindbrain or rhombencephlon

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Respiratory Disorders

Tuberculosis :- Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


Pleurisy (Pleuritis) :- Inflammation of pleura due to accumulation of pleural fluid.

Emphysema :- It is due to decrease in alveolar elasticity.lung size increases but ventilation is poor.

Asphyxia :-Paralysis of respiratory centre due to excessive carbon dioxide. It may result in death.

Pneumonia :- It is commonly caused by streptococcus or Diplococcus pneumoniae.


Whooping cough (Pertusiss) :- It is caused by brodetella (haemophillus) pertussis.


Diphtheria :- Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of seromucous       glands and goblet cells. common  in smokers.


Bronchial Asthma :-It is generally due to hypersensitivity of bronchioles to a foreign substance.There is intense coughing and difficulty in exhalation. 

Cyanosis :- Bluish discolouration of the mucous membrane.

Skin Cancer Removal Surgery

Human Fertilization and Implantation animation

Diabetes Mellitus

                                                    


It is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia,glycosuria, hyperlipemia and ketonamia.


Changes occurs in  body

1. Thickening of capillary basement membrane
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Retinopathy
4. Neuropathy
5. Peripheral vascular insufficency

Types
Two major types of Diabetes mellitus
(i) Type I :- Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
                   : Insulin is not present in sufficient amount due to the destruction of Beta cell of pancreas 
                   : It is juvenile onset  Diabetes Mellitus
(ii) Type II :- Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
                     : Insulin is present in sufficient amount
                     : It is due to reduced insulin receptor
                     : It is maturity onset Diabetes Mellitus

Heart Disease Cause

Cause
1. It is due to increse in homocysteine level.
2 This level is increse due to deficeany of vitamin B-6, B-12 and folic acid.
3. This disease increase in youth due to change in life style.
4.Also occur in foetus due to defact in chromosome.
5. In pregnant women increase in homocysteine level cause this disease in foetus.

Symptoms
1. Difficulty in breathing.
2. Rapid breathing.
3. constant weight or weight loss.

Preventive measure
1. Stress full life.
2.Diet should contain vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid.